Splenectomy
(to surgically remove the spleen)
The spleen is a small organ situated on the left side of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm, where it is partially protected by the bottom of the rib cage. The spleen may have to be removed following injury or disease. Most often it is removed because of injury, usually as a result of a fall or crushing of the abdomen. A number of diseases can affect the spleen and may make it's removal necessary e.g. Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
The Spleen is a part of the immune system and so without it there is a greater risk of some types of infection. The risk is higher in children than in adults and higher if the spleen was removed as a result to disease rather than injury. Without a spleen it is harder for the body to remove certain types of bacteria and blood borne parasites and so an infection can prove much more serious. The commonest bacterial infection is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia although Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis can also be a problem. Fortunately vaccines are available for these bacteria (although not all strains can be protected against) and a supply of antibiotics is usually recommended to be carried by anyone without a spleen to ensure prompt treatment if an infection is suspected. Malaria and Babesiosis and two parasitic diseases that can be a serious problem. Malaria is carried by mosquitoes in tropical regions and extra care should be taken to avoid being bitten as well as taking antimalarial drugs. Babesiosis is transmitted by ticks in tropical and temperate parts of the world so it is important to avoid tick bites and to seek medical assistance if bitten and fevers develop.
If you have no spleen, as a result of a splenectomy or because you were born without one, you should discuss your risk of infection and appropriate treatment and prophylaxis (preventative treatment) with your own doctor. Bare in mind that although there is an increased risk of infection if you have no spleen there is no need to worry as the risk is not that high and by being aware of the risk and taking precautions the risk can be reduced further.
